Risk characteristics of chronic non-communicable diseases in high-risk groups in Shanghai / 上海预防医学

Objective:To understand the risk characteristics of high-risk population of chronic disease in Shanghai， and provide theoretical basis for screening management and health intervention. Methods:The data from the 2013 Shanghai Non-communicable and Chronic Diseases Surveillance was used for analysis. People （aged 35 and over） who had no diagnosis of hypertension， diabetes and dyslipidemia but met the criteria for high-risk groups of chronic diseases were included in the study. Finally， 3 682 participants were included. Results:In this high-risk population， 62.90% of the subjects has total serum cholesterol level of 5.2-6.2 mmol/L， 35.88% had blood pressure level of （130-139）/（85-89） mmHg， 30.50% had abdominal obesity， 27.68% were current smokers， and 8.75% had fasting blood glucose level of 6.1-7.0 mmol/L. Among the different risk characteristics， the detection rate of smoking risk in men was higher than that in women （64.51% vs. 1.49%）. On the contrary， the detection rate of waist circumference and serum total cholesterol risk in women was higher than that in men （34.90% vs. 24.31% and 72.30% vs. 49.67%， respectively）. The differences were statistically significant （P<0.05）. The detection rates of the five high-risk characteristics were not the same in all age groups. The detection rate of blood pressure risk was relatively low， and the cholesterol risk was relatively high in the highly educated population. The blood pressure risk was the highest among agricultural practitioners （42.26%）. The detection rate of smoking risk was the highest in rural areas （31.45%）， and the risk of cholesterol was the highest in urban areas （68.54%）. The differences were statistically significant （P<0.05）. Among the high-risk groups of chronic diseases in Shanghai， the distribution of high-risk characteristics in genders， ages， and occupational types were not the same and the differences were statistically significant （P<0.05）. Conclusions:The level of risk characteristics among high-risk groups of chronic diseases in Shanghai is relatively high. Relevant departments should carry out targeted health interventions for different populations to reduce the level of risk factors in high-risk groups of chronic diseases and control the potential risk of chronic diseases.

Risk characteristics of hypertension in high-risk population： an analysis based on the surveillance data of chronic diseases in Shanghai / 上海预防医学

Objective:To understand the epidemiological characteristics of high-risk population of hypertension in Shanghai， and to provide references for health management and targeted lifestyle intervention of the high-risk population in community. Methods:The data from the 2013 Shanghai Non-communicable and Chronic Diseases Surveillance were used. The subjects who met the criteria of high-risk population of hypertension were included， and 11 753 subjects were finally identified， to analyze the distribution and level of risk characteristics. Result:Among six high-risk characteristics of hypertension， the detection rate of high salt in diet was the highest （55.3%）， followed by overweight/obesity （44.0%）， family history of hypertension （41.6%）， and blood pressure level of （130-139）/（85-89） mmHg （31.7%）. The detection rate of excessive drinking was the lowest （5.0%）. The percentage of population with one or two high-risk characteristics was higher than that with three or more high-risk characteristics （76.9% vs. 23.1%）. Systolic blood pressure， diastolic blood pressure， fasting plasma glucose level， and body mass index in the male high-risk group were higher than those in the female group， and the differences were statistically significant （P<0.05）. Systolic blood pressure， diastolic blood pressure， fasting plasma glucose level， body mass index and daily salt intake were different between different age groups， educational level and occupational types （P<0.05）. Systolic blood pressure， diastolic blood pressure， body mass index and daily salt intake were significantly different among high-risk groups with different marital status （P<0.05）. The daily salt intake and systolic blood pressure levels of high-risk population in different areas were significantly different （P<0.05）. Conclusion:We should identify high-risk groups of hypertension as early as possible and actively carry out community health management and targeted lifestyle interventions. The focus should be on the groups and individuals with high-risk characteristics such as dietary high salt and overweight/obesity， male， middle-aged and low-educated groups. In this way， we can reduce the level of high-risk characteristics， prevent and delay the occurrence of hypertension.

Effects of bevacizumab on morphology and apoptosis of human retinal pigment epithelial cells as well as the expression of apoptosis-related factors / 眼科新进展

Objective To investigate the effects of bevacizumab on cell morphology,apoptosis rate and apoptosis-related factors in human retinal pigment epitheliumcells.Methods Human retinal pigment epithelial cells (ARPE-19) were cultured in DMEM/F1 2 medium containing 0.25 g · L-1 bevacizumab and divided into 1-week dosing group and 2-week dosing group according to the different incubation time,respectively.Meanwhile,the control group was set up.Then,the cell morphology and apoptosis of each group were observed by light microscope and flow cytometry,accordingly.The expression levels of apoptosis-promoting genes P53,TP53INP1,Bax and apoptosisinducible gene Bcl-2 mRNA and protein were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot,respectively.Results Light microscopic observation revealed that the cells in the 1-week control group and the 2-week control group showed typical epithelial cell morphology,and were in stone-like,single-layer adherent-like growth.Compared with the control group,part of the cell morphology after bevacizumab treatment changed slightly,and the cells became rounded,the cell body was elongated and the boundary was poor.The apoptotic rates of the 1-week control group,l-week dosing group,2-weekcontrol group and 2-week dosing group were (5.57 ± 1.46) ％,(6.39 ± 1.25) ％,(6.88 ± 1.10)％ and (13.34 ± 1.94)％,respectively,and there was no significant difference in the apoptotic rate between 1-week control group,1-week dosing group and 2-week control group (both P ＞ 0.05),but the apoptotic rate of the 2-week dosing group was significantly higher than that of the 2-week control group,the 1-week dosing group and 1-week control group,and the differences were statistically significant (all P ＜0.01).RT-PCR and Western blot results showed that compared with the 1-week control group,the expression of P53,TP53INP1 and Bax mRNA was up-regulated in 1-week dosing group,but the expression of Bcl-2 mRNA was down-regulated,and the differences were statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.05).The expression levels of P53,TP53INP1 and Bax mRNA in 2-week dosing group were higher than those in 2-week control group and 1-week dosing group,while Bcl-2 mRNA expression was down-regulated,and the differences were statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference in the expression of the above factors in 1-week control group and 2-week control group(all P ＞ 0.05).The protein expressions of above factors were similar to their mRNA expression.Conclusion Bevacizumab can alter the morphology of ARPE-19 ceils,increase the apoptotic rate and up-regulate the expression of apoptosis-promoting factors,but down-regulate the expression of apoptosis-suppression factors in ARPE-19 cells,which may be the reason for the loss of RPE layer in the macula after anti-VEGF therapy.

Role of network characteristics in evaluation of literature-based indirect association discovery / 中华医学图书情报杂志

New scientific hypotheses detected by mining the potential indirect association inliterature according to the studies on literature-based knowledge discovery are increasinglyapplied in biomedical field and evaluation of literature-based indirect association discovery is a hot spot in recent studies on literature-based knowledge discovery . The role of network characteristics in evaluation of literature-based indirect association discovery during the litera-ture-based knowledge discovery was thus studied.The new indexes for evaluaing the literature-based indirect asso-ciation discovery were esatablished by integrating the co-ocurrent statistic information and the network charateris-tics, which are of greatimportance for improving literature-based knowledge discovery and constructing knowledge discovery system .

Depression status of the family member and its influencing factors in the patient with mental disorder caused by cerebral trauma: 245 cases analysis / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To determine the family member's depression status and its influencing factors in the patient with mental disorder caused by cerebral trauma.@*METHODS@#The self-designed information questionnaire and self-rating depression scale (SDS) were used to investigate 245 family members' depression conditions. On the basis of SDS score index, all cases were divided into depression group and non-depression group. The data were analyzed by the univariate analysis and multiple factors regression analysis.@*RESULTS@#In the 245 family members, 117 family members had different degrees of depressive symptoms including 68 with mild depression, 42 with moderate depression, and 7 with severe depression. In the multiple factors regression analysis, genetic relationship, personality characteristics and payment method were the main influencing factors of the depression status.@*CONCLUSION@#Much attention should be paid to the family member's depression condition of the patient with mental disorder caused by cerebral trauma through specific psychological intervention.

Expression and location of ARMS2 protein in normal eye tissue / 中华实验眼科杂志

Background Researches determined that the alteration of A69S locus of age-related maculopathy susceptibility 2 ( ARMS2 ) gene is closely associated with the pathogenesis and progression of age-related maculopathy ( AM D ).However,the location of ARMS2 protein in normal eye tissue is still in controversy,therefore,its function is below understanding up to now.Objective The goal of this laboratory work was to investigate the distribution,expression and location of ARMS2 protein in normal adult retina and choroid as well as in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells and lay a basis for exploring further its function in the protein level.Methods Ten donor eyeballs of normal adult male with the age from 28-42 years were collected in eye bank of Qingdao Eye Hospital.The frozen sections of the retina and choroid were prepared for the detection and location of ARMS2 in 3 eyes by immunofluorescence under the confocal laser microscope.The retina was isolated for the primary culture of RPE cells using explant culture method.The cells were then identified by CK32 antibody by immunofluorescence.The distribution and expression of the ARMS2 protein in retina,ehoroid and RPE cells were determined by immunofluorescence technique.Results ARMS2 protein was strongly expressed in retinal vessel,RPE cell layer,Bruch membrane and choroidal vessel,but weak expression was in retinal ganglion cell layer,inner nuclear layer,outer plexiform layer,outer nuclear layer and inner plexiform layer in the normal eyes.The primarily cultured cells appeared the polygon shape with the abundant pigment in cytoplasm.The immunofluorescence of the cells showed the positive response for CK32,exhibiting the green fluorescence granules in the cytoplasm.The positive expression of ARMS2 protein also was seen in the cytoplasm of RPE cells,appearing the red fluorescence.Conclusions ARMS2 protein mainly distribute and locate retinal and choroidal vessels,RPE cells and Bruch membrane in normal eye.

Clinical experiences of surgical manipulations for hepatic masses in difficult sites / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To summarize the surgical experiences, risks, complications, and managements for hepatic masses in difficult sites.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Totally 47 patients were divided into three groups based on the liver tumor sites: primary porta hepatis group, secondary porta hepatis group, and caudate lobe group. All patients underwent different portion of hepatectomy.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The surgery duration was (289.6 +/- 62.2) ml-nutes, intra-operative blood loss was (602.3 +/- 256.4) ml, and intra-operative blood transfusion was (524.0 +/- 325.9) ml. Incidence of surgical complications in each group was 61.5%, 26.9%, and 25%, respectively. Serious complications observed were biliary leakage (27.7%), bleeding (6.4%), and post-operative liver failure (2.1%). Three perioperative deaths were reported: two patients died of bleeding, and one patient died from liver failure.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Dissection of the liver and exposure of major blood vessels and biliary ducts are of critical importance in the surgeries for hepatic masses in difficult sites, and post-operative complications may be remarkably reduced through delicate manipulations of the small intra-hepatic vessels and biliary ducts during resection. A thorough pre-operative evaluation plays a key role in predicting the feasibility and risks of the surgery. Damage to the major blood vessels adjacent to the tumor, in addition to bleeding, may result in in-flow or outflow obstruction and cause necrosis of the corresponding hepatic lobe. Compared with damage to the primary portal area, vascular damage to the secondary porta is generally associated with higher fatality.</p>

Preoperative evaluation of liver function using 99mTc-diethyl iminodiacetic acid based on single photon emission computed tomography / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish a three-dimentional liver function evaluation system using 99mTc-diethyl iminodiacetic acid (99mTc-EHIDA) scintigraphy based on single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Totally 16 patients with liver lesions were divided into cirrhosis group and non-cirrhosis group. SPECT was performed 2 days before operation and 5 days after operation. Serum liver functions were examined on the same day of scintigraphy. SPECT images of areas of interest of heart and liver were aquired. Time of the peak of EHIDA density in liver (Tpeak), five-minutes heart liver index (HLI5), blood clearance index (HH15), receptor index (LHL15), and the predictive values were calculated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Tpeak was not significantly different between two groups, while HLI5, HH15, and LHL15 were significantly different (P = 0.033, P = 0.001, and P = 0.005). HLI, and LHL15 were significantly correlated with preoperative total protein and prealbumin levels (P = 0.003, P = 0.015, P = 0.022, P = 0.038) and post-operative prealbumin (P = 0.037, P = 0.042). The predictive values of HLI5 and LHL15 correlated well with postoperative HLI5 and LHL15 (r = 0.675, P = 0.016; r = 0.629, P = 0.028).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The three-dimentional liver function evaluation system using 99mTc-EHIDA based on liver SPECT may facilitate the further studies of risks of liver surgery.</p>

Early recurrence after the resection of hepatocellular carcinoma / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the precise time of the recurrence after resection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and to further explore the risk factors associated with postoperative recurrence.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Totally 94 patients who had undergone resection of HCC were divided into three groups based on the time of recurrence, which was indicated by the digital subtraction angiography (DSA) examination: recurrence between 1 to 6 months, recurrence between 7 to 12 months, and tumor-free after 12 months. Patients with intra-hepatic recurrence were treated with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization and confirmed by CT scans after embolization, contrast-enhanced ultrasound, or magnetic resonance imaging.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The recurrence rates of 6 months and 1 year were 30.9% and 36.2%, respectively. No statistically significant difference between 6-month and 1-year recurrence rates was observed. Nine (26.5%) patients with recurrence and five (8.3%) patients free of tumor had previously presented as multifocal HCC, which showed a statistical significance (P = 0.032). The diagnostic accuracy of DSA was 87.2%, which was eventually confirmed by the other investigations.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Most recurrences occure within the first six months postoperatively and multifocal carcinogenesis is one of the risk factors associated with early recurrence after liver resection for advanced HCC. DSA is an important surveillance for early detection of intra-hepatic recurrence after surgery; meanwhile, it also provides information for early management to control the disease progression and for future active therapies.</p>

Effect of Jiuqiang Naoliqing on the behavior of Kunming mice / 中国康复理论与实践

@#ObjectiveTo observe the effect of Jiuqiang Naoliqing (JNQ) on the behavior of Kunming mice.MethodsSpontaneous movement, Morris Water Maze, Rotarod, anti caffeine test, sleeping time of pentobarbital sodium, subthreshold dose of pentobarbital sodium, and anti pentylene tetrazol test were adopted to evaluate the behavioral changes. ResultsCompared with the control group, the low dose of JNQ can increase spontaneous movement of the mice, the middle and high dose of JNQ can increase time on the rotating rods. JNQ can also increase sleeping time of pentobarbital sodium test and percent of falling asleep in subthreshold dose of pentobarbital sodium test, as well as antagonize caffeine's effect on mice. ConclusionJNQ can also do sedative and hypnotic effect on Kunming mice as well as improve their ability of balance and coordination.

Effect of Jiuqiang Naoliqing on the microcirculation of the cheek pouch of golden hamsters / 中国康复理论与实践

@#ObjectiveTo observe the effects of Jiuqiang Naoliqing(JNQ) on the microcirculation of the cheek pouch of golden hamsters. MethodsAutomatic measuring device was used to evaluate the changes of microcirculation. ResultsAfter the disorder of microcirculation of cheek pouch made by noradrenaline(NA), the JNQ group recovered better and more rapidly than other groups. ConclusionJNQ can prevent and reverse the disorder of microcirculation made by NA, and do better than NQ.

Jiuqiang Naoliqing affords protection to vital organs of spontaneous hypertension rats / 中国康复理论与实践

@#ObjectiveTo investigate the Jiuqiang Naoliqing's (JNQ) histological influence on hearts, brains and kidneys of spontaneous hypertension rats (SHR). MethodsThe rats were randomly divided into four groups: Wistar control group, SHR group, higher dose JNQ treated SHR group(0.530 g/kg) and lower dose JNQ treated SHR group(0.265 g/kg). The treatment lasted five weeks, and the rats' blood pressure were monitored through tail pulse. After the perfusion procedure, rats' hearts, brains and kidneys were rapidly removed in low temperature condition and stored in 10% formalin solution of 4 ℃.Then routine sections were obtained and the slides were stained with HE.ResultsBefore treatment, the blood pressure of SHR groups were distinctly higher than that of the control group(P<0.01), nevertheless, no obvious blood pressure downgrade were observed after three week and five week treatment. Histopathologic study showed: in SHR group,heart with hypertrophic cardiac muscle, proliferative arterial wall and strictured lumina; Cortex with angiostenosis, proliferative vascular wall and large perivascular space; Glomerulus atrophy with hyaline degeneration. These pathologic changes got respective alleviation after five week treatment of JNQ, particularly in higher dose group.ConclusionSHR who got five week treatment of JNQ didn't gain obvious blood pressure downgrade. But the treatment did good to their vital organs and can obviously alleviate hearts, brains and kidneys' pathologic changes.